实用文体学

《实用文体学》，作者威多森(H.G.Widdowson)，出版日非了六义由武伯期1999年4月1日，是一本牛津应用语言学丛书。

• 中文名称 实用文体学
• 外文名称 Practical Stylistics
• 作者 威多森(H.G.Widdowson)
• 出版社 上海外语教育出版社
• 页数 230 页

内容简介

　　This book t来自akes a particula套某无r perspective on thenature of poetry and follows this through top360百科roposals for teaching. It focuses attention onhow the use of language in short poems can set upconditions fo根称突皮分r individual interpretation and therepr队根离的esentation of reality 免in ways oth一决眼秋散脸风善尽晶er than thosewhich are established by normal social convention.This view of poetry leads to 火a recognition o此儿f itsessent系攻烈房九资交然ial role in educati院on, and provides a set ofprinciples for an approach to teaching it whichintegrate巴完提案配的华s the study of 培language and literature.

作者简介

　　作者:(英国)威多森(H.G.Widdowson)

图书目录

　　Acknowledgeme来自nts

　　Introduction

　　PART ONE The 360百科significance of poetry

　　1 To begin wit丰湖的抓态直土h: common features and uncouth rhymes

　　2 Signifi席族款例罗刚制久cance beyond plain speaking

　　3 Procedures for interpretation: reference and represen陈儿掉厂tation

　　4 未后判承差坚了济Dissociation from context: the poem on the page

　　5 Verbal patterning and the gra应根标群左识名觉货若mmar of repres侵效宣另钢entation

　　6 Time and place in a d换专排末在发ifferent dimension

　　7 Other patterns, alternative realities

　　8 Parallel lines and parallel text所项s

　　9 Intertextual associations

　　10 Aesthe而载每施空款tic effects and relative values

　慢京前真尼江火段　11 So the meaning escapes.

　　12 In summary

　　PART TWO T族he teaching of poetry

　　1 The point of poetry

　　2 我乱预利眼Educational relevance; recreation and la标排色号武源视织富根己nguage awareness

　　3 Pedagogic approaches; agai列老唱卫安序部食斗nst exegesis

　　4 Composing poetic text:line as顾数修进sembly

　　5 Compl肥孙肉孙厚至eting poeti定宽列析越儿希径游满c text: verse blanks

　　6 Intertextual comparison and the use of variants

　　海船事甚图农吸末田议名7 Comparing poems with prose description

　　8 Deriving poems from prose description

　　9 Deriving and comparing poetic variants

　　10 Progressive derivation: composing interim versions

　　11 Using prose paraphrases

　　12 Comparing derived and authorized versions

　　13 Comparing different modes of poetic writing

　　14 In conclusion

　　Notes

　　Appendix

　　Bibliography

　　Index

　　Index of poets

文摘

　　In an earlier chapter of this book, I expressed the view that themodest graveyard inscriptions with which I began should beacknowledged as kin to the grander works of established poetsand (in Auden's words) 'share in the total literary glory'. In thepreceding chapter I have argued against privileged interpreta-tions, and have taken the position that there are no criteria, exceptthose imposed by fiat, which can assign different values tovariable responses. But does this mean that all poems areaesthetically equal, that claims to superior artistic quality areunfounded, that the odes of Keats, say, or the sonnets ofShakespeare, are only accounted great poetry, and other poeticefforts dismissed as lightweight, because those in a position to setstandards of excellence have told us so? One might accept thatdoggerel is kin to works like these, but surely they are humble kin,remote country cousins with no rights to any artistic heritage inthe poetic tradition.

　　What is it, then, which constitutes aesthetic quality? How canwe make a judgement about the relative artistic value of differentpoems? I would suggest that the point made in the precedingchapter about the poetic containment of divergent meanings pro-vides us with at least a partial answer. It seems to me that the aes-thetic effects of a poem (as with other forms of art) depend on thesatisfaction of two conditions. The first is that it disperses mean-ings and disrupts established ideas, or what T.S. Eliot referred toas 'stock responses'. This (following the reference to Siva in thepreceding chapter) we might call the destructive or divergent con-dition. In respect to this condition, the greater the incongruity ofthe poem, the more difficult it is to accommodate within acceptedstructures of reality, and therefore the more variable responses itevokes, the greater its aesthetic potential.

序言

　　这是一部讨论诗歌在文体学中的地位、诗歌的意义和价值、以及如何进行诗歌教学的学术专著。作者H·G·威多森为伦敦大学教育学院对外英语教授，著名应用语言学家，从事应用语言学研究近40年，成果丰硕，对该学科的发展有深远的影响。

　　在书中，作者阐述了他对于诗歌作为语言创作形式的本质的理解，指出了这种理解对于教育所具有的意义，并具体说明了在实践中应采用何种教学方法才能真正达到诗歌教学的目的。

　　全书分为两大部分。第一部分题为"诗歌的意义"，主要探讨诗歌作为一种语言创作形式的本质。作者指出语言中尚存在着许多未被人们意识到的可能性，而诗歌正是运用了语言的这些可能性来表达社会现实。那么，诗歌的存在意义何在?尤其是它在教育中有什么价值?作者认为人们对诗歌的理解普遍存在误区，而且在诗歌的教学方法上也存在偏差，从而使得我们几乎无法证明诗歌教育仍然存在的合理性。习惯上，因为诗歌语言表达的非常规性，人们已不知不觉地将诗歌神圣化，将之归为一种特权话语，一种只有少数精英才能理解、欣赏的话语。它被视为一种遥不可及，同时又无实用价值、不被需要的东西，而在进行诗歌教学上我们又往往要求学生按照权威的注释去理解诗歌。这不仅使得诗歌在人们心目中变得高高在上，而且因为学习的被动性使得学生对诗歌学习感到索然无味。威多森提出应当揭开诗歌的神秘面纱，去掉它头上的光环，让它走近生活;应当允许并鼓励人们对诗歌有自己独特的理解。而诗歌教学的价值在于它给学生提供了一种自娱的方式。