MACROECONOMICS 宏观经济学

《MACROECONOMICS 宏观经济学》是清华大学出版社出版的图书，作者是(美)布兰查德。

• ISBN 9787302024934
• 出版社 清华大学出版社
• 作    者 (美)布兰查德
• 页    数 623
• 出版时间 1997-03

内容介绍

　　内容益局脚里提要

　　作者写作本书的目的在于和读者分享他本人过去20年在宏观经济

　领则互轮兴今斤最赵　学研究工作中的收获，并帮助读者建立起关于宏观经济学的观念和意

　　识。和其他宏观经济学教科书相比，本书包含了一些其他教科书未论

　　及的问题，如预期理论、现代经济学的开放性等。而且本来自书经常在多

　　个层面360百科上进行理论和实际的比较，引用了较多熔深度和趣味性于一炉

　　的实例。

　　作者以一个重要模型贯穿全书，其核心是商品市场、金融市场和

　　劳动市场的均衡条件。本书首先介绍IS-LM短期经济模型，讨论商品

　　市场和金融市场的均衡，并把对经济的预期在宏观经济决策方面的作

　　用和增强现代经济开里评盾鱼免放性的重要性作为其中的两个主题。接着在中长

　　期理鸡职呢计拿量论中，介绍劳动市场均衡、总供给与总需求模型，分析高失业率

　　和高通货膨胀率时期的特点，以及经济增整逐板文料措候久前马科长中资本积累和技术进步的

们延艺切检渐质　　作用。最后，读者可用前面章节中学到的方法去分析当今世界最重要

　　的几个经济问题，回顾宏观经济学在过去50年中的演进过程，宏观

　　经济政策的作用及其所受到的限制，以及当前的研究序队树育放下握家往方向。

　　本书既可作为经济管理专业本科生和研究生的教学用书，也可供

　　其他经济工作车低到木略河里案局者参考。

作品目录

　　PREFACE

　　PART ONE - INTRODUCTION 1

　　CHAPTER 1 - A 张品突处花显陈TOUR OF THE W倒职根要曾皮再ORLD

　　1 -1 改味政WHAT IS MACROECON多OMICS?

　　The Simp管于空土危模易乡纪独lification很酸空它史帮积s of Macroeconom些普ics

　　1 Why Macroeconomists Sometimes

　　Disagree

　　1-2 LOOKING AT THE WORLD

　　The United States ?The European

　　Uni西布划吃你安急on ?Japan 11

　　1-3 许相立曲阶LOOKINGAHEAD

　　CHAPTER 2 - A TOUR OF THE BOOK

　　2-1 AGGREGATE OUTPUT

　　GDP, Value Added, an生d Income ? Nominal and Real GDP

　　2-2 THE OTHER MAJOR MACROECONOMIC

　　VARIABLES

　　The Unemployment Rate ?The

　　Inflation Rate ?Budget Deficits and

　　Trade Deficits

　　2-3 A ROAD MAP

　　PART TWO - THE BASICS

　　CHAPTER 3 - TME GOODS MARKET

　　3-1 THE COMPOSITION OF GDP

　　3-2 THE DETERMINATION OF DEMAND

　　Consumption (C) ?Investment (I)

　　?Government Spending (G)

　　3-3 THE DETERMINATION OF

　　EQUILIBRIUM OUTPUT

　　The Algebra ?A Graph ?In

　　Words

　　3-4 INVESTMENT EQUALS SAVING: AN

　　ALTERNATIVE WAY OF THINKING ABOUT

　　GOODS-MARKET EQUILIBRIUM

　　3-5 THE PARADOX OF SAVING

　　3-6 IS THE GOVERNMENT REALLY

　　OMNIPOTENT? A WARNING

　　CHAPTER 4 - THE GOODS MARKET:

　　DYNAMICS

　　4-1 PRODUCTION, SALES, AND

　　INVENTORY INVESTMENT

　　Dividing Time ?Production and Sales

　　?Equilibrium in the Goods Market

　　Revisited ?The Dynamic Effects of

　　an Increase in Government Spending

　　?Using a Graph

　　4-2 GOING EMPIRICAL

　　Estimating the Marginal Propensity to

　　Consume ?Allowing for Lags ? Correlation Versus Causality

　　4-3 SlMULATING THE ESTIMATED

　　MODEL

　　A-A CONCLUSIONS

　　CHAPTER 5 - FlNANCIAL MARKETS

　　5-1 MONEY VERSUS BONDS

　　The Basic Choice ?The Demand for

　　Money ?The Demand for Bonds

　　?Money Demand and the Interest Rate:

　　The Evidence

　　5-2 THE DETERMINATION OF THE

　　INTEREST RATE: 1

　　Money Demand, Money Supply, and the

　　Equilibrium Interest Rate ?Monetary

　　Policy and Open Market Operations ? Monetary Policy and the Interest Rate

　　5-3 THE DETERMINATION OF THE

　　INTEREST RATE: 11

　　The Role of Banks ?The Determination

　　of the Money Supply ?The Effects of

　　an Open Market Operation ? Conclusions: Money Demand and Money

　　Supply

　　CHAPTER 6 - GOODS AND FlNANCIAL

　　MARKETS: THE IS-LM

　　6-1 THE GOODS MARKET AND THE IS

　　RELATION

　　Investment, Sales, and the Interest Rate

　　?The IS Curve ?Shifts in the IS

　　Curve

　　6-2 FlNANCIAL MARKETS AND THE LM

　　RELATION

　　Real Money, Real Income, and the Interest

　　Rate ?The LM Curve ?Shifts in

　　the LM Curve

　　6-3 THE IS-LM MODEL: EXERCISES

　　Fiscal Policy, Activity, and the Interest Rate

　　?Mohetary Policy, Activity, and the

　　Interest Rate ?Using a Policy Mix

　　6-4 ADDING DYNAMICS

　　6-5 DOES THE IS-LM MODEL ACTUALLY

　　CAPTURE WHAT HAPPENS IN THE

　　ECONOMY?

　　PART THREE - EXPECTATIONS

　　CHAPTER 7 - EXPECTATIONS: THE BASIC

　　TOOLS

　　7-1 NOMINAL VERSUS REAL INTEREST

　　RATES

　　Computing the Real Interest Rate ? Nominal and Rfeal Interest Rates in the

　　United States Since 1978

　　7-2 EXPECTED PRESENT DlSCOUNTED

　　VALUES

　　Computing Expected Present Discounted

　　Values ?Applications ?Nominal

　　Versus Real Interest Rates, and Present

　　Values

　　7-3 NOMINAL AND REAL INTEREST

　　RATES, AND THE IS-LM MODEL

　　APPENDIX: DERIVING THE PRESENT

　　DlSCOUNTED VALUE USING REAL OR

　　NOMINAL INTEREST RATES

　　CHAPTER 8 - EXPECTATIONS,

　　CONSUMPTION, AND INVESTMENT

　　8-1 CONSUMPTION

　　The Very Foresighted Consumer ?An

　　Example ?Toward a More Realistic

　　Description ?Putting Things

　　Together: Current Income, Expectations,

　　and Consumption

　　8-2 INVESTMENT

　　Investment and Expectations ofProfit

　　?A Convenient Special Case ? Current Versus Expected Profit ? Profit and Sales

　　8-3 THE VOLATILITY OF CONSUMPTION

　　AND INVESTMENT

　　APPENDIX: DERIVATION OF THE EXPECTED

　　PRESENT VALUE OF PROFITS WHEN

　　FUTURE PROFITS AND INTEREST

　　RATES ARE EXPECTED TO BE THE

　　SAME AS TODAY

　　CHAPTER 9 - FlNANCIAL MARKETS AND

　　EXPECTATIONS

　　9-1 BONDPRICESANDTHEYIELDCURVE

　　Bond Prices as Present Values ? Arbitrage and Bond Prices ?From

　　Bond Prices to Bond Yields ?The

　　Yield Curve and Economic Activity

　　9-2 THE STOCK MARKET AND

　　MOVEMENTS IN STOCK PRICES

　　Stock Prices as Present Values ?The

　　Stock Market and Economic Activity

　　9-3 BUBBLES, FADS, AND STOCK PRICES

　　APPENDIX: ARBITRAGEAND STOCK PRICES

　　185

　　CHAPTER 10- EXPECTATIONS, POLICY,

　　AND OUTPUT

　　10-1 EXPECTATIONS AND DECISIONS:

　　TAKING STOCK

　　Expectations and the IS Relation ? The LM Relation Revisited

　　10-2 A FlRST EXERCISE: MONETARY

　　POLICY, EXPECTATIONS, AND OUTPUT

　　10-3 DEFICIT REDUCTION, EXPECTATIONS,

　　AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

　　10-4 THE CLINTON DEFICIT REDUCTION

　　PACKAGE

　　The Design of a Program ?The

　　Outcome

　　10-5 ON TO THE OPEN ECONOMY

　　PART FOUR - OPENNESS

　　CHAPTER 1 1 - OPENNESS IN GOODS AND

　　FlNANCIAL MARKETS

　　11-1 OPENNESS IN GOODS MARKETS

　　Nominal Exchange Rates ?Real

　　Exchange Rates

　　11-2 OPENNESS IN FlNANCIAL MARKETS

　　The Balance of Payments ?The

　　Choice Between Domestic and Foreign

　　Assets

　　11-3 CONCLUSIONS AND A LOOK AHEAD

　　CHAPTER 12 - THE GOODS MARKET IN AN

　　OPEN ECONOMY

　　12-1 THE IS RELATION IN THE OPEN

　　ECONOMY

　　The Demand for Domestic Goods ? The Determinants of the Demand for

　　Domestic Goods

　　12-2 EQUILIBRIUM OUTPUT AND THE

　　TRADE BALANCE

　　12-3 INCREASES IN DEMAND, DOMESTIC

　　OR FOREIGN

　　Increases in Government Spending ? Increases in Foreign Demand ? Games That Countries Play

　　12-4 DEPRECIATION, THE TRADE BALANCE,

　　AND OUTPUT

　　Depreciation and the Trade Balance: The

　　Marshall-Lerner Condition ?The

　　Effects of a Depreciation ? Combining Exchange-Rate and Fiscal

　　Policies

　　12-5 LOOKING AT DYNAMICS: THE

　　J-CURVE

　　12-6 SAVING,INVESTMENT, AND TRADE

　　DEFICITS

　　APPENDIX: DERIVATION OF THE MARSHALL-

　　LERNER CONDITION

　　CHAPTER 13 - OUTPLJT, THE INTEREST

　　RATE, AND THE EXCHANGE RATE

　　13-1 EQUILIBRIUM IN THE GOODS MARKET

　　13-2 EQUILIBRIUM IN FlNANCIAL

　　MARKETS

　　Money Versus Bonds ?Domestic

　　Bonds Versus Foreign Bonds

　　13-3 PUTTING GOODS AND FlNANCIAL

　　MARKETS TOGETHER

　　13-4 THE EFFECTS OF POLICY IN AN OPEN

　　ECONOMY

　　The Effects of Fiscal Policy in an Open

　　Economy ?The Effects of Monetary

　　Policy in an Open Economy

　　13-5 FlXED EXCHANGE RATES

　　Pegs, Crawling Pegs, Bands, and the EMS

　　?Pegging the Exchange Rate, and

　　Monetary Control ?Fiscal Policy

　　Under Fixed Exchange Rates

　　APPENDIX: FlXED EXCHANGE RATES,

　　INTEREST RATES, AND CAPITAL

　　MOBILITY

　　CHAPTER 14 - EXPECTATIONS,

　　EXCHANGE-RATE MOVEMENTS, AND

　　EXCHANGE-RATE CRISES

　　14-1 THE DETERMINANTS OF THE REAL

　　EXCHANGE RATE

　　Real Interest Rates and the Real Exchange

　　Rate ?Long-Term Real Interest Rates

　　and the Real Exchange Rate ?The

　　Real Exchange Rate, Trade, and Interest

　　Rate Differentials

　　14-2 THE DANCE OF THE DOLLAR IN THE

　　1980s

　　14-3 THE APPRECIATION OF THE YEN IN

　　THE 1990s

　　14-4 EXCHANGE RATES, MONETARY

　　POLICY, AND NEWS

　　Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, and

　　Exchange Rates Policy and

　　Expectations

　　14-5 FlXED EXCHANGE RATES AND

　　EXCHANGE-RATE CRISES

　　Crises in the European Monetary System

　　APPENDIX: FROM NOMINAL TO REAL

　　INTEREST PARITY

　　PART FIVE - THE SUPPLY SIDE

　　CHAPTER 15 - THE LABOR MARKET

　　15-1 A TOUR OF THE LABOR MARKET

　　The Large Flows of Workers ? Differences Across Workers ? Movements in Unemployment

　　15-2 WAGE DETERMINATION

　　Bargaining ?Efficiency Wages ? Wages and Unemployment

　　15-3 PRICE DETERMINATION

　　15-4 THE NATURAL RATE OF

　　UNEMPLOYMENT

　　The Wage-Setting Relation ?The

　　Price-Setting Relation ?Equilibrium

　　Real Wages, Employment, and

　　Unemployment ?From

　　Unemployment to Output

　　15-5 WHERE WE GO FROM HERE

　　APPENDTX: WAGE- AND PRICE-SETTING

　　RELATIONS VERSUS LABOR SUPPLY

　　AND LABOR DEMAND

　　CHAPTER 16 - PLITTING ALL MARKETS

　　TOGETHER

　　16-1

　　AGGREGATE SUPPLY

　　The Derivation of the Aggregate Supply

　　Relation ?The Aggregate Supply

　　Relation and the Natural Level of Output

　　16-2

　　16-3

　　16-4

　　AGGREGATE DEMAND

　　MOVEMENTS IN OUTPUT AND PRICES

　　THE EFFECTS OF A MONETARY

　　EXPANSION

　　The Dynamics of Adjustment ? Looking Behind the Scene ?The

　　Neutrality of Money

　　16-5 A DECREASE IN THE BUIDGET DEFICIT

　　The Budget Deficit, Output, and the

　　Interest Rate ?Budget Deficits,

　　Output, and Investment

　　16-6 MOVEMENTS IN THE PRICE OF OlL

　　Effects on the Natural Rate of

　　Unemployment ?The Dynarnics of

　　Adjustment

　　16-7 CONCLUSIONS

　　The Short Run Versus the Long Run

　　?Shocks and Propagation Mechanisms

　　?Output, Unemployment, and

　　Inflation

　　CHAPTER 17 - THE PHILLIPS CURVE

　　17-1 INFLATION, EXPECTED INFLATION,

　　AND UNEMPLOYMENT

　　17-2 THE PHILLIPS CURVE

　　The Early Incarnation ?Mutations

　　?Back to the Natural Rate of

　　Unemployment

　　17-3 A SUMMARY AND MANY WARNINGS

　　The Inflation Process and the Phillips Curve

　　?Differences in the Natural Rate

　　Across Countries ?Variations in Ihe

　　Natural Rate over Time ?The Limits

　　of Our Understanding

　　APPENOIX: FROM THE. AGGREGATE SUPPLY

　　RELATION TO THE PHILLIPS CURVE

　　CHAPTER 18- INFLATION, DlSINFLATION,

　　AND UNEMPLOYMENT

　　18-1 INFLATION, OUTPUT, AND

　　UNEMPLOYMENT

　　The Phillips Curve: Unemployment and the

　　Change in Inflation ?Okun's Law:

　　Output Growth and Changes in

　　Unemployment ?The Aggregate

　　Demand Relation: Output Growth, Money

　　Growth, and Inflation

　　18-2 THELONGRUN

　　18-3 DlSINFLATION: THE ISSUES

　　A First Pass ?Expectations and

　　Credibility: The Lucas Critique ? Nominal Rigidities and Contracts

　　18-4 THE U.S. DISINFLATION, 1979-1985

　　CHAPTER 19 - INFLATION, INTEREST

　　RATES, AND EXCHANGE RATES

　　19-1 MONEY GROWTH, INFLATION, AND

　　INTEREST RATES

　　Real and Nominal Interest Rates ? The Short Run ?The Long Run

　　?Dynamics ?Evidence on the Fisher

　　Hypothesis

　　19-2 FlXED EXCHANGE RATES AND

　　DEVALLJATIONS

　　Aggregate Demand Under Fixed Exchange

　　Rates ?Aggregate Demand and

　　Aggregate Supply ?What

　　Devaluations Can Do ?Whether and

　　When to Devalue

　　PART SIX - PATHOLOGIES

　　CHAPTER 20 - PATHOLOGIES 1: HlGH

　　U N EM PLOYMENT

　　20-1 THEGREAT DEPRESSION

　　The Fall in Spending ?The

　　Contraction in Nominal Money ?The

　　Adverse Eftects of Deflation ?Thc

　　Recovery

　　20-2 UNEMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE

　　Labor Market Rigidities ?Hysteresis

　　20-3 CONCLUSIONS

　　CHAPTER 21 - PATHOLOGIES 11: HlGH

　　INFLATION

　　21-1 BUDGET DEFICITS AND MONEY

　　CREATION

　　21-2 INFLATION AND REAL MONEY

　　BALANCES

　　21-3 DEFICITS, SEIGNORAGE, AND

　　INFLATION

　　The Case of Constant Money Growth ? Dynamics and Increasing Inflation ? Hyperinflations and Economic Activity

　　21-4 HOW Do HYPERINFLATIONS END?

　　The Elements of a Stabilization Program

　　?Can Stabilization Programs Fail?

　　?The Costs of Stabilization

　　21-5 CONCLUSIONS

　　PART SEVEN - THE LONG RUN

　　CHAPTER 22 - THK FACTS OF GROWTH

　　22-1 GROWTH IN RlCH COUNTRIES SlNCE

　　1950 ?

　　22-2 A BROADER LOOK ACROSS TlME AND

　　SPACE

　　Looking Across Two Millennia ? Looking Across Countries

　　22-3 THINKING ABOUT GROWTH: A

　　PRIMER

　　The Aggregate Production Function ? The Sources of Growth

　　CHAPTER 23 - SAVING, CAPITAL

　　ACCUMULATION, AND OUTPUT

　　23-1 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN OUTPUT

　　AND CAPITAL

　　The Effects of Capital on Output ? The Effects of Output on Capital

　　Accumulation

　　23-2 IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE

　　SAVING RATES

　　Dynamics of Capital and Output ? Steady-State Capital and Output ? The Saving Rate and Output ?The

　　Saving Rate and the Golden Rule

　　23-3 GETTING A SENSE OF MAGNITUDES

　　23-4 PHYSICAL VERSUS HUMAN CAPITAL

　　Extending the Production Function ? Human Capital, Physical Capital, and

　　Output ?Endogenous Growth

　　CHAPTER 24 - TECHNOLOGICAL

　　PROGRESS AND GROWTH

　　24-1 THE DETERMINANTS OF

　　TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS

　　R&D Spending Decisions ?R&D,

　　Ideas, and Patent Laws ?R&D

　　Spending and Technological Progress

　　2-4-2 TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND THE

　　PRODUCTION FUNCTION

　　24-3 TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND THE

　　RATE OF GROWTH

　　Interactions Between Output and Capital

　　?Dynamics of Capital and Output

　　?The Effects of the Saving Rate

　　24-4 THE FACTS OF GROWTH REVISITED

　　Capital Accumulation Versus Technological

　　Progress ?Why Has Technological

　　Progress Slowed Since the Mid-1970s?

　　24-5 EPILOGUE: THE SECRETS OF GROWTH

　　APPENDIX: CONSTRUCTING A MEASURE OF

　　TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS

　　PART EIGHT - CHANGE AND

　　TRANSITION 509

　　CHAPTER 25 - TECHNOLOGICAL

　　PROGRESS, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND

　　WAGES

　　25-1 PRODUCTIVITY, OUTPUT, AND

　　UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE SHORT RUN

　　511

　　Technological Progress, Aggregate Supply,

　　and Aggregate Demand ?The

　　Empirical Evidence

　　25-2 PRODUCTIVITY AND THE NATURAL

　　RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT

　　Price and Wage Setting Revisited ? The Natural Rate of Unemployment ? The Empirical Evidence

　　25-3 TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND

　　DlSTRIBUTION EFFECTS

　　The Increase in Wage Inequality ?The

　　Causes of Increased Wage Inequality

　　CHAPTER 26 - TRANSITION IN EASTERN

　　KUROPE

　　26-1 AN OVERVIEW

　　26-2 ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER

　　CENTRAL PLANNING

　　26-3 EXPLAINING THE DECLINE IN

　　OUTPUT

　　Measurement, Stabilization, and Structural

　　Change ?Shifts in Relative Demand

　　and Aggregate Employment ? Transition and the Decrease in

　　Employment

　　26-4 SCENARIOS FOR THE FUTURE

　　A Scenario of Sustained Transition and

　　Growth ?The Dangers Ahead

　　PART NINE - POLICY

　　CHAPTER 27 - SHOULD POLICY MAKERS

　　BE RESTRAINED?

　　27-1 UNCERTAINTY AND POLICY

　　How Much Do Macroeconomists Actually

　　Know? ?Should LJncertainty Lead

　　Policy Makers to Do Less? ? Uncertainty and Restraints on Policy

　　Makers

　　27-2 EXPECTATIONS AND POLICY

　　Hijackings and Negotiations ? Inflation and Unemployment Revisited

　　554 ?Establishing Credibility ?Time

　　Consistency and Restraints on Policy

　　Makers

　　27-3 POLITICS AND POLICY

　　Games Between Policy Makers and Voters

　　559 ?Games Between Policy Makers

　　?Back to the Balanced-Budget

　　Amendment

　　CHAPTER 28 - MONETARY POLICY: A

　　SUMMING UP

　　28-1

　　TTHE OPTIMAL INFLATION RATE

　　The Costs of Inflation ?The Benefits

　　of Inflation ?The Optimal Inflation

　　Rate: The Current Debate

　　28-2

　　MONEY VERSUS LlQUIDlTY

　　Money and Other Liquid Assets. ?The

　　Demand for Money Revisited ? Implications for Monetary Policy

　　THE FED IN ACTION

　　The Fed's Mandate ?The

　　Organization of the Fed ?The

　　Instruments of Monetarv Policy ?The

　　Current Versus Future Taxes ?Debt

　　and Primary Surpluscs ?The

　　Evolution of the Debt-to-GDP Ratio

　　29-2 FOUR ISSUES IN FlSCAL POLICY

　　Ricardian Equivalence ?Defidts.

　　Output Stabilization, and the Cyclically

　　Adjusted Deficit ?Wars and Deficits

　　?The Dangers of Very High Deht

　　29-3 THEU.S. BUDGETDEFICIT

　　PART TEN - EPILOGUE

　　CHAPTER 30 - THE STORY OF

　　MACROECONOM 1 CS

　　30-1 KEYNES AND THE GREAT

　　DEPRESSION

　　30-2 THE NEOCLASSICAL SYNTHESIS

　　Progress on All Fronts ?Keynesians

　　Versus Monetarists

　　30-3 THE RATIONAL-EXPECTATIONS

　　CRITIQUE

　　The Three Implications of Rational

　　Expectations ?The Integration of

　　Rational Expectations

　　30-4 CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS